Mongolia participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when they participated in the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics. Mongolia has also participated in the Winter Olympic Games since 1964, missing only the 1976 Winter Games.
Mongolian athletes have won a total of 24 medals, all in Summer Olympics competitions, in freestyle wrestling, boxing, shooting, and judo. Prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, Mongolia had won more silver and bronze medals without winning any gold medals than any other nation. Mongolia won their first ever gold medal in the Judo, with Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar winning in the Men's half-heavyweight.
The Mongolian National Olympic Committee was created in 1956 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1962.